julian calendar

Thân thiện

A teacher points to a diagram of the Julian calendar on the classroom board.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A solar calendar introduced in ancient Rome: The Julian calendar is a specific historical calendar system. It was established in Rome under Julius Caesar in 46 B.C. and later refined by Emperor Augustus.
   • A calendar with a specific structure of months and leap years: It organizes the year into 12 months, totaling 365 days, with an extra day added every fourth year (leap year) to account for the solar cycle. In this system, most months have either 31 or 30 days, with February being the exception.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • The Julian calendar was used throughout Europe for many centuries.
  • Historians often convert dates from the Julian calendar to the modern Gregorian calendar.
  • The rule for leap years in the Julian calendar is simpler than in the system that replaced it.

Advanced Usage

• "Old Style" dating: The Julian calendar is often referred to as "Old Style" (O.S.) when distinguishing dates from the later "New Style" Gregorian calendar.
  • The Russian October Revolution of 1917 occurred in November according to the Gregorian calendar, as Russia was still using the Julian calendar at the time.

Variants and Related Words

• Julian (adj): Pertaining to Julius Caesar or the Julian calendar.
  • The Julian reform of the calendar was a major administrative achievement.
• Gregorian calendar (n): The solar calendar that later replaced the Julian calendar in most countries, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582.
• Calendar reform (n): The general process of changing a calendar system, such as the shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar.

Synonyms

• Old Style calendar: A direct synonym emphasizing its historical use before the Gregorian reform.
• Caesarean calendar: A less common synonym referencing its founder, Julius Caesar.

Notes on Different Meanings

• The term "Julian calendar" refers exclusively to this specific historical timekeeping system. It is not used for modern calendars or for other calendar systems like the lunar or lunisolar calendars. Its primary contemporary use is in historical, astronomical, and genealogical contexts.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the solar calendar introduced in Rome in 46 b.c. by Julius Caesar and slightly modified by Augustus, establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February

Từ đồng nghĩa

• Julian calendar
• Old Style calendar